Hi Monique,
In yourcolumn about weight loss and body composition monitoring, you mentionedthat scales that compute body fat should use a formula appropriate to athletes.Can you comment further about that means? What errors can be induced? Ihave an electronic scale that I know shows variability with hydration levels,but I was wondering what other errors could be involved.
Thanks,
DHDear DH,
Many cyclists now have a home monitoring scale that uses the principleof bioelectrical impedance (BIA) for body fat analysis, and have purchaseda model designed for athletes. Since water is a good conductor ofelectricity and much of our body water is in lean mass, and since fat isa poor conductor of electricity, these principles have been applied tomeasuring body composition.BIA equipment comes in two forms. One form has an individual lie ontheir back and electrodes are attached to their right wrist and right ankle.The electrical current runs from the wrist to the ankle. In the home useform, you stand on your scale and in your bare feet and the electricalcurrent runs from the right foot, up the right leg, down the left leg,and out the left foot. Both techniques measure the level of electricitythat enters the system and then leaves the system, and then you know howmuch energy is “impeded” in the system. The greater the difference betweenthe amount entering and exiting the system (less comes out than went in),the less muscle mass and body water, or more body fat you have.Because of its relationship to body fluid, as you are aware your hydrationstatus can greatly affect this body fat analysis. In fact checking yourbody fat daily is just as inconclusive and overused as stepping on a regularscale daily. The reading simply provides feedback on body fluid and hydrationlevels, and the results are easily swayed by fluid shifts related to anumber of factors including not properly rehydrating after training, checkingbody early in the morning before hydrating, or after a dehydrating experiencesuch as a sauna. If you are not well hydrated for the reading, the electricalcurrent will not be conducted as well through your lean mass, and the bodyfat level reading will be falsely higher.Other factors that affect how electricity is conducted through the bodyinclude the height of the athlete (the electrical current would run longerin a taller person), and the ratio of weight to height (this predicts thedistance of the current and the composition of the tissues the currentis running through). Age and gender are also factors in body compositionprediction. That’s why you set these variables on your own machine andstore these variables for each individual before testing.After setting your machine properly, the most important variable isto complete the test in a well-hydrated state and to be consistent in whenyou check your body fat. All body fat measurements (underwater weighing,calipers) measure body fat indirectly and have some degree of error inmeasurement. When you check your body fat levels, make sure that you arewell hydrated and have an empty bladder. If your urine is pale in coloryou are likely well hydrated. It is also important that you havenot exercised for at least 4 hours, but 12 hours may be even better. Tryto check body fat levels after a training rest day if possible. Being consistentwith the time of day, as this allows you to have a good sense of changesin body levels over time and as the racing season progresses.
Monique
 
Instant gratification?
Ms. Ryan:
Thanks for your nutritional columns throughout the year.Your recentcolumn mentioned in passing that good choices for whole grains includeoatmeal, but not instant. The distinction interests me. I love oatmealand prefer slow-cooked oatmeal. But as one of my weight-control strategies,I eat breakfast after I bike-commute to work. At work, I can make instantoatmeal in the mircowave, but not slow cooked. What’s wrong withinstant oatmeal?
Thank you,
ECDear EC,
Eating any oatmeal is good for your health, as long as you consumethe right type. Currently the USDA recommends that adults should consume6 to 8 ounces of grains daily. While these recommend portions are easilyachieved by cyclists, even those wanting to lose weight, it is recommendedthat at least half of these servings be from whole grains. Grains suchas oats provide B vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. One of the mostimportant benefits to eating oats is the water-soluble fiber that it containsas this type of fiber can help lower blood cholesterol levels. In 1997the FDA allowed foods high in oat bran or rolled oats to carry a claimthat these foods can lower risk of heart disease when part of a low-fatdiet. Soluble fiber also extends the time it takes the carbohydrate ina food to reach your bloodstream, referred to as the glycemic index ofthe food.Oats come in many different forms. Steel cut oats are oat groats (wholegrain of the oat with only the outer hard husk removed) that have beencut into two to three pieces. Cooking time is longer for this type of oat.Next comes, old-fashioned rolled oats, which are made by steaming the oatsand flattening them with a roller. You can also purchase quick cookingrolled oats that cook in about 5 minutes, and of course instant oats whichare simply rolled oats that are cut finer to cook faster. Steel cut andold fashioned oats have 4 grams of fiber per serving, 2 of which are water-soluble.Instant oatmeal has 3 grams of fiber per serving, with 1 gram water-soluble.Of course depending on the brand and type of oats you may find some slightdifferences in these amounts.When choosing instant oatmeal, it is important to choose the right type.Instant oatmeal is often processed with salt, sugar, flavorings, and colorings.Check the ingredient list and Nutrition Facts label. Choose an instantoatmeal with at least 3 grams of fiber. Fiber helps you stay full longer,which can help with your weight control efforts, and also keep your stomachsatisfied until lunchtime. Oats naturally have about 3 grams of fat perserving, so any more than that is added fat. Make sure there is no transfat or hydrogenated oil in the instant oatmeal. Instant oatmeal can alsobe highly sweetened, so look for those with little or no added sugar asthis adds some empty calories to your diet.You can actually microwave old fashioned oats at work for a minute ortwo depending on the texture you want and may find this option more filling.If you want additional calories, add nutritious choices such as raisins,or other dried fruit, or healthy sources of fat such as almonds and walnuts.Adding dairy milk or soy milk to your oatmeal adds protein as well.
Monique

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Monique Ryan, MS, RD, LDN is a nationally recognized nutritionistwith over twenty-two years of experience and is owner of Personal NutritionDesigns, a Chicago based nutrition consulting company that provides nutritionprograms for endurance athletes across North America (www.moniqueryan.com).Monique consults with the Chicago Fire Soccer Team, and was the nutritionistfor Saturn Cycling from 1994 to 2000. She has also consulted with the Volvo-CannondaleMountain Bike Team, the Gary Fisher Mountain Bike Team, and the RollerbladeRacing Team. Monique has consulted with USA Cycling, and was a member ofthe Performance Enhancement Team for the Women’s Road Team leading to the2004 Athens Olympics. She has also provided nutrition consultation servicesto USA Triathlon for coaching clinics, athlete clinics, and for the residentathlete team and was a member of the USAT Performance Enhancement Teamfor the 2004 Athens Olympics. Monique is the author of "SportsNutrition for Endurance Athletes," 2nd edition (March 2007), from VeloPress,which provides sports specific nutrition for road cycling, mountain biking,running, triathlon, swimming, rowing, and adventure racing. She is alsoauthor of "PerformanceNutrition for Winter Sports" (PeakSports Press), "Performance Nutritionfor Team Sports" (PeakSports Press), and "Complete Guide to Sports Nutrition."Monique is a regular contributor to VeloNews, Inside Triathlon,Outside, and ACE Fitness Matters. As part of the FeedZonecolumn, Monique will answer selected questions online. Please sendyour questions to RyanWebQA@aol.com.